To explain the steps involved in the installation of Linux, RED HAT LINUX 8.0 has been chosen. The following information represents the minimum hardware requirements necessary to successfully install Red Hat Linux:
CPU:
(1) Minimum: Pentium-class, (2) Recommended for text-mode: 200 MHz Pentium-class or better (3) Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz Pentium II or better
Hard Disk Space :
1) Custom Installation (minimum): 475MB, 2) Server (minimum): 850MB 3) Personal Desktop: 1.7GB, 4) Workstation: 2.1GB, 5) Custom Installation (everything): 5.0GB
Memory:
1) Minimum for text-mode: 64MB, 2) Minimum for graphical: 128MB, 3)Recommended for graphical: 192MB
Ø INSTALLATION STEPS:
1. Insert the Linux install CD into the CD-ROM drive and reboot your system. The computer will automatically boot from the CD and a text-based menu will be displayed.
2. You will then need to choose an installation environment. The default is the graphical installation (GUI). If you prefer a text-based install, type "text" at the prompt and hit the Enter key.
3. Next step is to select the Language for installation programmer. Default language is English.
4. Select your keyboard layout and Mouse type. Accepting the default (US English) should work in most cases.
5. Select the type of installation (Workstation /Server/Custom). If you have a previous installation, the option of updating it will also be provided.
6. Choose Disk Druid or fdisk. Partition sizes and numbers may vary with your set up, but as a bare minimum, you will need to create a ‘/’ (root) and a swap partition.
7. Enter the details of configuration of your network interfaces.
8. The firewall configuration screen offers a choice of firewall configurations. Choose 'Medium Firewall' for the time being without worrying too much as this stage about the concept of a firewall.
9. For time zone selection for India, choose "Asia/Calcutta". There is also option of setting the UTC to +5.
10. Enter a root password when prompted. Do not forget it. You should create a user account here, which you will be using to work on your machine. It is not advisable to work as root at all times.
11. Select the packages that you want to install. You get to choose from installing KDE, GNOME and a collection of other utilities.
12. Select the video card that you have, the installer would try to auto detect the card for you, failing which you can select it manually.
13. If your monitor type is not listed, select custom and enter your monitor specifications manually. Select the colour depth and the screen resolution that you wish to run the X Window system in, after installation. Choose your default desktop environment and whether you want a graphical or a text-based login. You can test the X Window configuration after installation and then switch to graphics based login.
14. The installer will now format the Linux partitions and will install the required packages. You can watch the progress of the formatting by switching to the virtual terminals using Alt+ 1 to Alt+5 (if you are doing a text based install) or by using Ctrl+Alt+2 to Ctrl+Alt+5 (for graphics based install).
15. After some time you would be prompted to insert other CD’s one - by - one. Insert this as prompted by the installation.
16. Once all the packages are installed, you will be given the opportunity create a book disk. It is strongly recommended that you create one at this stage.
17. At this point, the installation is completed. Remove the CD – ROM from drive and reboot using the Linux system that you have just installed.
Friday, July 11, 2008
Thursday, July 10, 2008
The various features of Linux. What are the steps for installing Linux
¯ FEATURES OF LINUX:
Linux is a UNIX like operating system originally developed by Linus Torvalds, a student of University of Helsinki. Linux was developed by thousands of developers and is available for free on the Internet. Linux is written and distributed under the GNU General Public License. Technically Linux is strictly an OS kernel (Kernel is the core of an Operating System.). Linux come with a collection of software including desktop, server programs, networking suites, compilers, and many more utilities make it a complete operating system. For example, the recent version of Linux includes the XFree86 version of the X Window System, the GNU C compiler GCC and code from quite a lot of other sources.
Following are the various features of Linux
1) Multi tasking: Linux is a multi-tasking system, allowing multiple users to run multiple programs on the same system at the same time.
2) Multi-user: It is multi-user operating system, allowing multiple users to use the computer and run programs at the same time.
3) Hardware support: Runs on a variety of computer architectures, including ARM, SP ARC, Alpha, PowerPC, M68k, MIPS and Intel.
4) Reliable: Highly reliable and stable operating system, it can run for months, even years, without having to be rebooted.
5) Multiple processor support: Supports the use of multiple processors. More processors can be added without disturbing the existing hardware set up. Software dependencies: Implements shared libraries. For example, if Program A and Program B share a common piece of code then the common code is placed in a separate file so that any program requiring this common routine can refer to this file rather than including the code in each program. This saves a large amount of space on your system.
6) Graphical User Interface (GUI): Linux provides the freedom to use any user interface-programming library you choose. KDE (K Desktop Environment, K does not have an expansion) and GNOME are the two main graphical user interfaces aiming to make Linux easy for computer users to operate. They are free softwares coming under the GNU General Public License.
7) KDE: is a powerful Open Source graphical desktop environment that combines ease of use, contemporary functionality and outstanding graphical design. KDE desktop is very similar to the Windows 98/NT environment. It provides a complete desktop environment by including:
(i) Standardised menus and toolbars, key bindings, colour-schemes and many more. (ii)Dialog driven desktop configuration. (iii) File Manager for easy management of files and directories. (iv) KDEPrint for administration of various printing engines and management of enterprise networked printing systems. (v) An integrated help system allowing for convenient, consistent access to help on the use of the KDE desktop and its applications. (vi) Browser Support including support for Java Script and DHTML. (vii) Innumerable utilities and applications like:
8) KDE-Network: KMail, KNode, Knewsticker etc.
9) KDE-Graphics: Graphics applications such as KDVI, KGhostview, KPaint, Kfax
10) KDE-Utilities: KEdit, KCalc, KHexEdit, Knotes
11) KDE-Edu: Edutainment related programs
12) KDE-Games: KAsteroids, KPat, KTetris
13) KDE-Admin: Various tools to aid system administration
14) KOffice: Integrated office suite
15) TCP/IP networking support: Linux supports most Internet protocols. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is built into the kernel itself. TCPIIP is the communication protocol that binds the Internet.
16) High level security: It has many built in security features to protect your system from unauthorised users. It stores the passwords in encrypted form which cannot be decrypted.
17) Web server: It can be used to run web servers like Apache, serving various application protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP and many more. It can also be used as an email server or a file server.
18) Database support: All major brands like Sybase, Informix and Oracle run well on Linux.
19) Programming support: It provides programming support for various languages like Fortan, Pascal, C, C++ and many web technologies.
20) Free: It can be downloaded for free from the Internet and its source code is freely available to everyone. Since the source code is open, bugs can be fixed easily without having to wait for proprietary vendors to fix the encountered problems.
21) GNU software support: Linux supports a wide range of free software written by the GNU Project, including utilities such as the GNU C and C++ compiler, and so on. Many of the essential system utilities used by Linux are GNU software.
22) The X Window system: X Windows is the de facto industry standard graphics system for UNIX machines. A free version of The X Window System, known as 'Xfree86' is available for Linux. The X Window System is a very powerful graphics interface that allows multiple login sessions in different windows on the screen at the same time.
Linux is a UNIX like operating system originally developed by Linus Torvalds, a student of University of Helsinki. Linux was developed by thousands of developers and is available for free on the Internet. Linux is written and distributed under the GNU General Public License. Technically Linux is strictly an OS kernel (Kernel is the core of an Operating System.). Linux come with a collection of software including desktop, server programs, networking suites, compilers, and many more utilities make it a complete operating system. For example, the recent version of Linux includes the XFree86 version of the X Window System, the GNU C compiler GCC and code from quite a lot of other sources.
Following are the various features of Linux
1) Multi tasking: Linux is a multi-tasking system, allowing multiple users to run multiple programs on the same system at the same time.
2) Multi-user: It is multi-user operating system, allowing multiple users to use the computer and run programs at the same time.
3) Hardware support: Runs on a variety of computer architectures, including ARM, SP ARC, Alpha, PowerPC, M68k, MIPS and Intel.
4) Reliable: Highly reliable and stable operating system, it can run for months, even years, without having to be rebooted.
5) Multiple processor support: Supports the use of multiple processors. More processors can be added without disturbing the existing hardware set up. Software dependencies: Implements shared libraries. For example, if Program A and Program B share a common piece of code then the common code is placed in a separate file so that any program requiring this common routine can refer to this file rather than including the code in each program. This saves a large amount of space on your system.
6) Graphical User Interface (GUI): Linux provides the freedom to use any user interface-programming library you choose. KDE (K Desktop Environment, K does not have an expansion) and GNOME are the two main graphical user interfaces aiming to make Linux easy for computer users to operate. They are free softwares coming under the GNU General Public License.
7) KDE: is a powerful Open Source graphical desktop environment that combines ease of use, contemporary functionality and outstanding graphical design. KDE desktop is very similar to the Windows 98/NT environment. It provides a complete desktop environment by including:
(i) Standardised menus and toolbars, key bindings, colour-schemes and many more. (ii)Dialog driven desktop configuration. (iii) File Manager for easy management of files and directories. (iv) KDEPrint for administration of various printing engines and management of enterprise networked printing systems. (v) An integrated help system allowing for convenient, consistent access to help on the use of the KDE desktop and its applications. (vi) Browser Support including support for Java Script and DHTML. (vii) Innumerable utilities and applications like:
8) KDE-Network: KMail, KNode, Knewsticker etc.
9) KDE-Graphics: Graphics applications such as KDVI, KGhostview, KPaint, Kfax
10) KDE-Utilities: KEdit, KCalc, KHexEdit, Knotes
11) KDE-Edu: Edutainment related programs
12) KDE-Games: KAsteroids, KPat, KTetris
13) KDE-Admin: Various tools to aid system administration
14) KOffice: Integrated office suite
15) TCP/IP networking support: Linux supports most Internet protocols. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is built into the kernel itself. TCPIIP is the communication protocol that binds the Internet.
16) High level security: It has many built in security features to protect your system from unauthorised users. It stores the passwords in encrypted form which cannot be decrypted.
17) Web server: It can be used to run web servers like Apache, serving various application protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP and many more. It can also be used as an email server or a file server.
18) Database support: All major brands like Sybase, Informix and Oracle run well on Linux.
19) Programming support: It provides programming support for various languages like Fortan, Pascal, C, C++ and many web technologies.
20) Free: It can be downloaded for free from the Internet and its source code is freely available to everyone. Since the source code is open, bugs can be fixed easily without having to wait for proprietary vendors to fix the encountered problems.
21) GNU software support: Linux supports a wide range of free software written by the GNU Project, including utilities such as the GNU C and C++ compiler, and so on. Many of the essential system utilities used by Linux are GNU software.
22) The X Window system: X Windows is the de facto industry standard graphics system for UNIX machines. A free version of The X Window System, known as 'Xfree86' is available for Linux. The X Window System is a very powerful graphics interface that allows multiple login sessions in different windows on the screen at the same time.
Wednesday, July 9, 2008
The various elements of multimedia. Discuss the applications of multimedia in the field of education.
¬ ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA:
Multimedia means multi (many) and media refers to communication/transfer medium. Multimedia is comprised of several elements including text, graphics, sound, video, and animation. Kiosks and CD-ROM applications are excellent vehicles for presenting information with the dynamics of multimedia. Multimedia is characterized by an Audio-Visual interface, which provides an excellent instruction medium for user interactivity.
Following are brief explanations of each multimedia element and how they can be used:
Text:
Text is perhaps the most fundamental element of any multimedia project. Text-based information can also be gathered from resource CDs and the Internet. Words are vital elements of multimedia that can appear in the titles, menus, navigation aids and in the content of a multimedia application or project. It is most essential to use words that have the most precise, legible, powerful meanings and visible size to express what you need to convey..
Hyperlinks:
Hypertext is the organization of information units into connected associations that a user can choose to make. An instance of such an association is called a Hyperlink. When a user clicks on such a cross-link words, images, videos or sound files, more information on the particular topic is displayed. It, therefore, provides the user an option of reading as much information as required.
Graphics:
Graphics can be incorporated into a multimedia project in the form of photographs or designs. Original graphic designs can be created with applications such as Hyper Studio, Movie Works, and Photoshop LE. Generally Image files are compressed to save memory and disk space of computer. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and PNG (Portable Network Graphics) are examples of compressed image file.
Animation:
Graphics that contain movement are often referred to as animation. Animation gives visual impact to your multimedia application. Animation files can be downloaded from the Internet in the form of animated GIF files and can be viewed, edited & created with QuickTime Pro, Hyper Studio, and Movie Works. MS PowerPoint is a tool used for creating primitive animations. Visual effects like fly, wipes, dissolves, fades and zooms can be added to any object. You can create complex animations using tools like Director, 3D Studio Max, CompuServe and Shockwave.
Sound:
Sound is used to set the rhythm or a mood in a package. Sound can be added to a multimedia presentation from a variety of sources. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is a communication standard developed in early 1980's for electronic musical instruments and computers.
Video:
Moving images or video can be incorporated into a multimedia project as QuickTime movies. QuickTime Pro, Hyper Studio, and Movie Works can be used with a camcorder or VCR to create and edit QuickTime movies for playback
¬ APPLICATIONS OF MULTIMEDIA IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION:
Multimedia. is a term frequently heard and discussed among educational technologists today. Unless clearly defined, the term can alternately mean a judicious mix of various mass media such as print, audio and video computer-based hardware and software packages produced on a mass scale for sake of better understanding in education.
Multimedia plays a vital role in all the fields of real life.
As compared to traditional 'Stand and Deliver' teaching methodology, training imparted using animated, interactive and instructional multimedia applications has proven to be more useful. Apart from making the subject interesting, it increases information retention and learning capacity of the users. The potential for students of all ages to author as part of a creative educational programme that focuses on achievement of goals and competencies rather than time served, will help educators to shift from teacher to facilitator and mentor. Some applications of multimedia in education are stated below:
Computer encyclopedias have gained considerable popularity in recent years as they allow the user a non-linear navigation of text; user can quickly access the desired topic.
The web can be thought of as a global digital multimedia library. The concept of e-learning or online learning using interactive communication tools has grown tremendously with the popularity of www. It is accessible to a large number of people, can be accessed from anywhere and everywhere and promotes the quality of learning experiences and outcomes.
Multimedia can be used for "stimulating different types of environments used for training purposes. For example: flight attendants can be trained to manage terrorism and security by artificially simulating such an environment.
Libraries, arts and cultural centres, and learner support systems are already using interactive communication tools. Multimedia documents can also be designed to receive information from the reader and subsequently process it to provide individualized solutions. This has added a new dimension to the reading/writing process and the skills involved can be reinforced.
Multimedia means multi (many) and media refers to communication/transfer medium. Multimedia is comprised of several elements including text, graphics, sound, video, and animation. Kiosks and CD-ROM applications are excellent vehicles for presenting information with the dynamics of multimedia. Multimedia is characterized by an Audio-Visual interface, which provides an excellent instruction medium for user interactivity.
Following are brief explanations of each multimedia element and how they can be used:
Text:
Text is perhaps the most fundamental element of any multimedia project. Text-based information can also be gathered from resource CDs and the Internet. Words are vital elements of multimedia that can appear in the titles, menus, navigation aids and in the content of a multimedia application or project. It is most essential to use words that have the most precise, legible, powerful meanings and visible size to express what you need to convey..
Hyperlinks:
Hypertext is the organization of information units into connected associations that a user can choose to make. An instance of such an association is called a Hyperlink. When a user clicks on such a cross-link words, images, videos or sound files, more information on the particular topic is displayed. It, therefore, provides the user an option of reading as much information as required.
Graphics:
Graphics can be incorporated into a multimedia project in the form of photographs or designs. Original graphic designs can be created with applications such as Hyper Studio, Movie Works, and Photoshop LE. Generally Image files are compressed to save memory and disk space of computer. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and PNG (Portable Network Graphics) are examples of compressed image file.
Animation:
Graphics that contain movement are often referred to as animation. Animation gives visual impact to your multimedia application. Animation files can be downloaded from the Internet in the form of animated GIF files and can be viewed, edited & created with QuickTime Pro, Hyper Studio, and Movie Works. MS PowerPoint is a tool used for creating primitive animations. Visual effects like fly, wipes, dissolves, fades and zooms can be added to any object. You can create complex animations using tools like Director, 3D Studio Max, CompuServe and Shockwave.
Sound:
Sound is used to set the rhythm or a mood in a package. Sound can be added to a multimedia presentation from a variety of sources. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is a communication standard developed in early 1980's for electronic musical instruments and computers.
Video:
Moving images or video can be incorporated into a multimedia project as QuickTime movies. QuickTime Pro, Hyper Studio, and Movie Works can be used with a camcorder or VCR to create and edit QuickTime movies for playback
¬ APPLICATIONS OF MULTIMEDIA IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION:
Multimedia. is a term frequently heard and discussed among educational technologists today. Unless clearly defined, the term can alternately mean a judicious mix of various mass media such as print, audio and video computer-based hardware and software packages produced on a mass scale for sake of better understanding in education.
Multimedia plays a vital role in all the fields of real life.
As compared to traditional 'Stand and Deliver' teaching methodology, training imparted using animated, interactive and instructional multimedia applications has proven to be more useful. Apart from making the subject interesting, it increases information retention and learning capacity of the users. The potential for students of all ages to author as part of a creative educational programme that focuses on achievement of goals and competencies rather than time served, will help educators to shift from teacher to facilitator and mentor. Some applications of multimedia in education are stated below:
Computer encyclopedias have gained considerable popularity in recent years as they allow the user a non-linear navigation of text; user can quickly access the desired topic.
The web can be thought of as a global digital multimedia library. The concept of e-learning or online learning using interactive communication tools has grown tremendously with the popularity of www. It is accessible to a large number of people, can be accessed from anywhere and everywhere and promotes the quality of learning experiences and outcomes.
Multimedia can be used for "stimulating different types of environments used for training purposes. For example: flight attendants can be trained to manage terrorism and security by artificially simulating such an environment.
Libraries, arts and cultural centres, and learner support systems are already using interactive communication tools. Multimedia documents can also be designed to receive information from the reader and subsequently process it to provide individualized solutions. This has added a new dimension to the reading/writing process and the skills involved can be reinforced.
Tuesday, July 8, 2008
Video Input or Capture Process
Writing a thorough Video Capture guide is impossible due to the large amount of devices that are available on the market.
The way Digital Video editing has been done in the past was to take a video capture card, hook up VCR or LD player to it, and then capture clips to your hard drive. This is still a very viable method (and indeed the only good option open to you if you don't have DVDs).
A Video Capture card will usually have a video-in connector - either Composite video (the yellow plug with one prong that usually comes in a set of 3 along with a left and right audio connector) or S-Video (usually a black cable where the plug has four or six pins coming out of it). There are some with Component but if you have a card that does Component you don't need to be reading this guide.
Install Virtual Dub and then run it and select Capture AVI from the file-menu. If it comes up and says there is no capture device, most likely your capture card is not supported.
When you go to capture your video, change the color format to be YUV, YUY2, UYVY or something similar if the option is available. This will give you better compression later. Then select a video compressor.
Then select your capture resolution. First try 720x480 or 704x480 if it is available. If you try capturing with these and you get dropped frames, try lowering your resolution to 360x480 or 352x480 if you can. This will maintain all the vertical resolution and scan lines and simply drop half your horizontal resolution.
If you start to get dropped frames, make sure that "preview" is off, and you are either capturing with Overlay or blind since this will save CPU cycles. Also, obviously close all other programs and make sure you aren't doing anything else. Capturing video is very processor intensive. It's also recommended to have a lot of free space handy on whatever drive you're capturing too, as well as decrementing the drive. Defragmentation can give HUGE speed increases (in the neighborhood of 3x speed increase) when it comes to working with large files.
Tips: The video you capture will only be as good as the source it came from. If the tapes are worn, the captured footage will reflect that. Try and store your old tapes in a cool, dry place. Before recording, "pack" your videotape by fast-forwarding to the end of the tape and then rewinding back to the beginning before playing. This will allow for smooth playback while capturing the video.
If your source device has S-Video output, make sure you use that instead of composite (RCA) video output. S-Video delivers a much higher picture quality than composite video.
If you want to capture lots of video to burn to DVD, make sure you have a large hard drive, or better yet, use a separate hard drive for storing video.
Devices Required:
A Computer
A Video Capture Device
Video Capture Software
If you want to edit your video, you will need Video Editing Software
If you want to record your video to DVD you will need DVD Recording software
You will need a DVD Burner to physically record the DVD
The way Digital Video editing has been done in the past was to take a video capture card, hook up VCR or LD player to it, and then capture clips to your hard drive. This is still a very viable method (and indeed the only good option open to you if you don't have DVDs).
A Video Capture card will usually have a video-in connector - either Composite video (the yellow plug with one prong that usually comes in a set of 3 along with a left and right audio connector) or S-Video (usually a black cable where the plug has four or six pins coming out of it). There are some with Component but if you have a card that does Component you don't need to be reading this guide.
Install Virtual Dub and then run it and select Capture AVI from the file-menu. If it comes up and says there is no capture device, most likely your capture card is not supported.
When you go to capture your video, change the color format to be YUV, YUY2, UYVY or something similar if the option is available. This will give you better compression later. Then select a video compressor.
Then select your capture resolution. First try 720x480 or 704x480 if it is available. If you try capturing with these and you get dropped frames, try lowering your resolution to 360x480 or 352x480 if you can. This will maintain all the vertical resolution and scan lines and simply drop half your horizontal resolution.
If you start to get dropped frames, make sure that "preview" is off, and you are either capturing with Overlay or blind since this will save CPU cycles. Also, obviously close all other programs and make sure you aren't doing anything else. Capturing video is very processor intensive. It's also recommended to have a lot of free space handy on whatever drive you're capturing too, as well as decrementing the drive. Defragmentation can give HUGE speed increases (in the neighborhood of 3x speed increase) when it comes to working with large files.
Tips: The video you capture will only be as good as the source it came from. If the tapes are worn, the captured footage will reflect that. Try and store your old tapes in a cool, dry place. Before recording, "pack" your videotape by fast-forwarding to the end of the tape and then rewinding back to the beginning before playing. This will allow for smooth playback while capturing the video.
If your source device has S-Video output, make sure you use that instead of composite (RCA) video output. S-Video delivers a much higher picture quality than composite video.
If you want to capture lots of video to burn to DVD, make sure you have a large hard drive, or better yet, use a separate hard drive for storing video.
Devices Required:
A Computer
A Video Capture Device
Video Capture Software
If you want to edit your video, you will need Video Editing Software
If you want to record your video to DVD you will need DVD Recording software
You will need a DVD Burner to physically record the DVD
The purpose of hand-held scanner
In computing, a scanner is a Input device that analyzes & captures an image (such as a photograph, printed text, or handwriting) or an object (such as an ornament) from the source documents into the Computer system and converts it to a digital image. Scanner facilitates the capturing information in graphical as well in editable format. The graphical images thus scanned can be seen and processed directly by the computer.
Two types of scanner are CONTACT and LASER. Most scanners today are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner. The flatbed scanner is the most common in offices.
Hand-held scanner is the laser scanner, where the device is moved by hand. The main purpose of using hand-held scanner is for quickly capturing text.
Hand-held scanner is that, which moves across the image to be scanned by hand. They are small and less expensive than their desktop counterparts, but rely on the dexterity of the user to move the unit across the paper. Trays are available that keep the scanner moving in a straight line.
Handheld scanners are a convenient way to get printed text into an editable format on your computer, but the best devices are prohibitively expensive.
Hand scanners are manual devices, which are dragged across the surface of the image to be scanned. Scanning documents in this manner requires a steady hand, as an uneven scanning rate would produce distorted images. They typically have a "start" button which is held by the user for the duration of the scan, some switches to set the optical resolution, and a roller which generates a clock pulse for synchronization with the computer. A typical hand scanner also had a small window through which the document being scanned could be viewed.
Handheld scanners have scan heads 4-5 inches wide, which makes them very portable. They plug into parallel port so they're easy to share among people and can be a good addition to laptop.
You can get cheap handheld scanners for under $150, but their declining popularity might make them hard to find. Another kind of handheld scanner is the pen scanner. You drag a pen scanner over a line of print like a highlighter. The built-in optical recognition software turns the scan into text, which can be transferred in to a computer via serial or USB port. Handheld Barcode scanners are also well known & in use for reading barcode of the items in a most of the shopping centers.
In case of some advanced Hand-held scanners for e.g Wizcom Handheld scanner, the device can "see" text and automatically activate the scanner when text comes into its field of view. Then, you only have to roll the pen smoothly over the line you want to capture and lift it off the page at the end of the text line. The optical character recognition (OCR) engine then translates the scanned images into editable text.
Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt. It is briefly popular but is now not used due to the difficulty of obtaining a high-quality image.
Two types of scanner are CONTACT and LASER. Most scanners today are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner. The flatbed scanner is the most common in offices.
Hand-held scanner is the laser scanner, where the device is moved by hand. The main purpose of using hand-held scanner is for quickly capturing text.
Hand-held scanner is that, which moves across the image to be scanned by hand. They are small and less expensive than their desktop counterparts, but rely on the dexterity of the user to move the unit across the paper. Trays are available that keep the scanner moving in a straight line.
Handheld scanners are a convenient way to get printed text into an editable format on your computer, but the best devices are prohibitively expensive.
Hand scanners are manual devices, which are dragged across the surface of the image to be scanned. Scanning documents in this manner requires a steady hand, as an uneven scanning rate would produce distorted images. They typically have a "start" button which is held by the user for the duration of the scan, some switches to set the optical resolution, and a roller which generates a clock pulse for synchronization with the computer. A typical hand scanner also had a small window through which the document being scanned could be viewed.
Handheld scanners have scan heads 4-5 inches wide, which makes them very portable. They plug into parallel port so they're easy to share among people and can be a good addition to laptop.
You can get cheap handheld scanners for under $150, but their declining popularity might make them hard to find. Another kind of handheld scanner is the pen scanner. You drag a pen scanner over a line of print like a highlighter. The built-in optical recognition software turns the scan into text, which can be transferred in to a computer via serial or USB port. Handheld Barcode scanners are also well known & in use for reading barcode of the items in a most of the shopping centers.
In case of some advanced Hand-held scanners for e.g Wizcom Handheld scanner, the device can "see" text and automatically activate the scanner when text comes into its field of view. Then, you only have to roll the pen smoothly over the line you want to capture and lift it off the page at the end of the text line. The optical character recognition (OCR) engine then translates the scanned images into editable text.
Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt. It is briefly popular but is now not used due to the difficulty of obtaining a high-quality image.
The purpose of hand-held scanner
In computing, a scanner is a Input device that analyzes & captures an image (such as a photograph, printed text, or handwriting) or an object (such as an ornament) from the source documents into the Computer system and converts it to a digital image. Scanner facilitates the capturing information in graphical as well in editable format. The graphical images thus scanned can be seen and processed directly by the computer.
Two types of scanner are CONTACT and LASER. Most scanners today are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner. The flatbed scanner is the most common in offices.
Hand-held scanner is the laser scanner, where the device is moved by hand. The main purpose of using hand-held scanner is for quickly capturing text.
Hand-held scanner is that, which moves across the image to be scanned by hand. They are small and less expensive than their desktop counterparts, but rely on the dexterity of the user to move the unit across the paper. Trays are available that keep the scanner moving in a straight line.
Handheld scanners are a convenient way to get printed text into an editable format on your computer, but the best devices are prohibitively expensive.
Hand scanners are manual devices, which are dragged across the surface of the image to be scanned. Scanning documents in this manner requires a steady hand, as an uneven scanning rate would produce distorted images. They typically have a "start" button which is held by the user for the duration of the scan, some switches to set the optical resolution, and a roller which generates a clock pulse for synchronization with the computer. A typical hand scanner also had a small window through which the document being scanned could be viewed.
Handheld scanners have scan heads 4-5 inches wide, which makes them very portable. They plug into parallel port so they're easy to share among people and can be a good addition to laptop.
You can get cheap handheld scanners for under $150, but their declining popularity might make them hard to find. Another kind of handheld scanner is the pen scanner. You drag a pen scanner over a line of print like a highlighter. The built-in optical recognition software turns the scan into text, which can be transferred in to a computer via serial or USB port. Handheld Barcode scanners are also well known & in use for reading barcode of the items in a most of the shopping centers.
In case of some advanced Hand-held scanners for e.g Wizcom Handheld scanner, the device can "see" text and automatically activate the scanner when text comes into its field of view. Then, you only have to roll the pen smoothly over the line you want to capture and lift it off the page at the end of the text line. The optical character recognition (OCR) engine then translates the scanned images into editable text.
Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt. It is briefly popular but is now not used due to the difficulty of obtaining a high-quality image.
Two types of scanner are CONTACT and LASER. Most scanners today are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner. The flatbed scanner is the most common in offices.
Hand-held scanner is the laser scanner, where the device is moved by hand. The main purpose of using hand-held scanner is for quickly capturing text.
Hand-held scanner is that, which moves across the image to be scanned by hand. They are small and less expensive than their desktop counterparts, but rely on the dexterity of the user to move the unit across the paper. Trays are available that keep the scanner moving in a straight line.
Handheld scanners are a convenient way to get printed text into an editable format on your computer, but the best devices are prohibitively expensive.
Hand scanners are manual devices, which are dragged across the surface of the image to be scanned. Scanning documents in this manner requires a steady hand, as an uneven scanning rate would produce distorted images. They typically have a "start" button which is held by the user for the duration of the scan, some switches to set the optical resolution, and a roller which generates a clock pulse for synchronization with the computer. A typical hand scanner also had a small window through which the document being scanned could be viewed.
Handheld scanners have scan heads 4-5 inches wide, which makes them very portable. They plug into parallel port so they're easy to share among people and can be a good addition to laptop.
You can get cheap handheld scanners for under $150, but their declining popularity might make them hard to find. Another kind of handheld scanner is the pen scanner. You drag a pen scanner over a line of print like a highlighter. The built-in optical recognition software turns the scan into text, which can be transferred in to a computer via serial or USB port. Handheld Barcode scanners are also well known & in use for reading barcode of the items in a most of the shopping centers.
In case of some advanced Hand-held scanners for e.g Wizcom Handheld scanner, the device can "see" text and automatically activate the scanner when text comes into its field of view. Then, you only have to roll the pen smoothly over the line you want to capture and lift it off the page at the end of the text line. The optical character recognition (OCR) engine then translates the scanned images into editable text.
Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt. It is briefly popular but is now not used due to the difficulty of obtaining a high-quality image.
Sunday, July 6, 2008
Losing to big sister Venus little solace for Serena
WIMBLEDON, England -- Serena Williams hates to lose.
This is not a well-kept secret.
Her attitude after a big defeat confirms it. A lioness who survives to hunt each opponent as prey, Serena's competitive heart just doesn't compute allowances for failure.
Even her family confirms, the concept of being checkmated is the bane of Serena's existence. In fact, her relatives willingly take much of the blame for her inability to deal with defeat as an outgrowth of them always spoiling her as the baby of the family. Her sister, Lyndrea, who flew in from Los Angeles yesterday, said Serena to this day can't even bear to lose when they play the card game "spoons."
"Serena thinks everything is supposed to go her way, that's the bottom line," said mom/coach Oracene Price, who had finally removed the large sunglasses she hid behind during the match. "She thinks that's the way it's supposed to go in life. But this is life."
Serena's face in disappointment always tells the story -- it's a sour frown, one of anger and disbelief that anyone, even her sister Venus, would have the goods to one better her in a match. And that's the look we all were treated to when Venus solidified her position as the pre-eminent grass-court player of her generation with a fifth Wimbledon title, a title that came at the expense of Serena in an entertaining 7-5, 6-4 victory on Saturday afternoon.
CARL DE SOUZA/Getty Images
Serena Williams let her frustration show during Saturday's final as her chance at another Wimbledon title -- and another win over her big sister Venus in a Grand Slam final -- slipped away."It's definitely not any easier," said Serena, about coming up short in a Grand Slam final to kin instead of a nonrelated rival. "I just look at her as another opponent at the end of the day. I don't think it's harder, but it's definitely not easier."
To drive home the point of how unacceptable a loss is to Serena, it can be noted that while she gave Venus credit for her abilities on grass, she managed to insert herself into the explanatory equation. And let's remember when pondering the comment, Venus has five Wimbledon titles and Serena has only two, although she did win her two with final victories over Venus in 2002 and '03.
"Well, it says a lot about her. I mean, she's won five Wimbledons now," Serena said. "She's beaten me on grass now, so that definitely says a lot."
It should be made clear that being a bit of a sore loser does not mean that Serena exhibits unsportsmanlike behavior. The fact that she conceded a game point in the ninth game of the first set to Venus during the final after umpire Carlos Ramos called for them to replay the point, is a testament to her fairness in battle.
Certainly, Serena's passion for competition and success supports her future candidacy as one of the all-time greats of the game. She's already won eight Grand Slam titles, at least one at each of the four majors, dating back to her first as a 17-year-old at the 1999 U.S. Open. She's captured 31 career titles to date and is a former world No. 1. And she's only 26, so there's plenty more opportunity ahead.
For her mother's part, however, she believes it's time for Serena to grow up and experience a reality check on life in the real world.
"Well, you know, she's going to have to learn how to suck things up," Price said. "[She needs to] say, 'OK, I'm not going to win everything. This is going to make me a better person. This will build character for myself and I have to learn how to lose. I might not be happy about it, but I just have to go on, go on and say, you know what, I didn't get this one, but I'm getting the next one.'"
While Price compassionately understands Serena's disappointment in being outplayed, she would prefer her daughter to deal with defeat in a different way -- her present style of going AWOL is disturbing. Most recently, Serena tuned out after her shocking third-round exit at the recent French Open, in which unlike Saturday's final, she played sloppy, dispassionate tennis.
"I'm not going to say nothing," said Price, smiling when asked how she might go about consoling Serena. "Before she won Australia [2007] that time and she lost in Hobart I didn't see her for two days. She didn't answer my e-mails, no texts, nothing. And when she lost at the French Open [2008], which was the worst, nothing for a week or two. You can't talk to her because she's not communicating with anyone."
It wasn't all gloom and doom for Serena, as it turned out on Saturday.
About three hours after she failed to win a ninth Grand Slam title against big sis, the two walked back onto Centre Court together, a joint force to be reckoned with, winning the women's doubles championships 6-2, 6-2 over Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur. For Venus, that marked the second time at Wimbledon she scored a daily double by taking the singles and doubles title -- she also performed that magic in 2000. For Serena, it salvaged the day, because she would not go home without a 2008 Wimbledon trophy.
But everyone knew the day was all about their earlier encounter, a match that produced terrific tennis, surprisingly, considering the blustery conditions. It was a competitive affair played to a capacity crowd.
The meetings between Venus and Serena now stand at 8-8 with Serena leading 5-2 in Grand Slam final outings. And while Venus tried to contain her joy in victory so as to not rub it into Serena's face, Serena did not hesitate to hide her frustration in failure.
If those details don't squelch the crazy notion that the Williams family has made a habit of fixing the matches between Venus and Serena, it's hard to imagine what would silence that incessant chatter, which Venus so aptly deemed "offensive" and "extremely disrespectful" in advance of the final.
This is not a well-kept secret.
Her attitude after a big defeat confirms it. A lioness who survives to hunt each opponent as prey, Serena's competitive heart just doesn't compute allowances for failure.
Even her family confirms, the concept of being checkmated is the bane of Serena's existence. In fact, her relatives willingly take much of the blame for her inability to deal with defeat as an outgrowth of them always spoiling her as the baby of the family. Her sister, Lyndrea, who flew in from Los Angeles yesterday, said Serena to this day can't even bear to lose when they play the card game "spoons."
"Serena thinks everything is supposed to go her way, that's the bottom line," said mom/coach Oracene Price, who had finally removed the large sunglasses she hid behind during the match. "She thinks that's the way it's supposed to go in life. But this is life."
Serena's face in disappointment always tells the story -- it's a sour frown, one of anger and disbelief that anyone, even her sister Venus, would have the goods to one better her in a match. And that's the look we all were treated to when Venus solidified her position as the pre-eminent grass-court player of her generation with a fifth Wimbledon title, a title that came at the expense of Serena in an entertaining 7-5, 6-4 victory on Saturday afternoon.
CARL DE SOUZA/Getty Images
Serena Williams let her frustration show during Saturday's final as her chance at another Wimbledon title -- and another win over her big sister Venus in a Grand Slam final -- slipped away."It's definitely not any easier," said Serena, about coming up short in a Grand Slam final to kin instead of a nonrelated rival. "I just look at her as another opponent at the end of the day. I don't think it's harder, but it's definitely not easier."
To drive home the point of how unacceptable a loss is to Serena, it can be noted that while she gave Venus credit for her abilities on grass, she managed to insert herself into the explanatory equation. And let's remember when pondering the comment, Venus has five Wimbledon titles and Serena has only two, although she did win her two with final victories over Venus in 2002 and '03.
"Well, it says a lot about her. I mean, she's won five Wimbledons now," Serena said. "She's beaten me on grass now, so that definitely says a lot."
It should be made clear that being a bit of a sore loser does not mean that Serena exhibits unsportsmanlike behavior. The fact that she conceded a game point in the ninth game of the first set to Venus during the final after umpire Carlos Ramos called for them to replay the point, is a testament to her fairness in battle.
Certainly, Serena's passion for competition and success supports her future candidacy as one of the all-time greats of the game. She's already won eight Grand Slam titles, at least one at each of the four majors, dating back to her first as a 17-year-old at the 1999 U.S. Open. She's captured 31 career titles to date and is a former world No. 1. And she's only 26, so there's plenty more opportunity ahead.
For her mother's part, however, she believes it's time for Serena to grow up and experience a reality check on life in the real world.
"Well, you know, she's going to have to learn how to suck things up," Price said. "[She needs to] say, 'OK, I'm not going to win everything. This is going to make me a better person. This will build character for myself and I have to learn how to lose. I might not be happy about it, but I just have to go on, go on and say, you know what, I didn't get this one, but I'm getting the next one.'"
While Price compassionately understands Serena's disappointment in being outplayed, she would prefer her daughter to deal with defeat in a different way -- her present style of going AWOL is disturbing. Most recently, Serena tuned out after her shocking third-round exit at the recent French Open, in which unlike Saturday's final, she played sloppy, dispassionate tennis.
"I'm not going to say nothing," said Price, smiling when asked how she might go about consoling Serena. "Before she won Australia [2007] that time and she lost in Hobart I didn't see her for two days. She didn't answer my e-mails, no texts, nothing. And when she lost at the French Open [2008], which was the worst, nothing for a week or two. You can't talk to her because she's not communicating with anyone."
It wasn't all gloom and doom for Serena, as it turned out on Saturday.
About three hours after she failed to win a ninth Grand Slam title against big sis, the two walked back onto Centre Court together, a joint force to be reckoned with, winning the women's doubles championships 6-2, 6-2 over Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur. For Venus, that marked the second time at Wimbledon she scored a daily double by taking the singles and doubles title -- she also performed that magic in 2000. For Serena, it salvaged the day, because she would not go home without a 2008 Wimbledon trophy.
But everyone knew the day was all about their earlier encounter, a match that produced terrific tennis, surprisingly, considering the blustery conditions. It was a competitive affair played to a capacity crowd.
The meetings between Venus and Serena now stand at 8-8 with Serena leading 5-2 in Grand Slam final outings. And while Venus tried to contain her joy in victory so as to not rub it into Serena's face, Serena did not hesitate to hide her frustration in failure.
If those details don't squelch the crazy notion that the Williams family has made a habit of fixing the matches between Venus and Serena, it's hard to imagine what would silence that incessant chatter, which Venus so aptly deemed "offensive" and "extremely disrespectful" in advance of the final.
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